Introduction to Course
Read the syllabus!
Radical right (populist and non-populist cases): opposition to fundamental values of liberal democracy (radical) and belief in a natural order with inequalities (right)
Extreme right: rejection of democracy (Ignazi’s ‘antisystem’—but that depends on the system)
From Arzheimer’s bibliography: https://www.kai-arzheimer.com/tag/bibliography/
Wordfish from Arzheimer’s bibliography: Y-axis - how likely the appearance of a word is in research on far right; x-axis - strength of association of a word with underlying dimension
Take the survey at https://forms.gle/epUVVCkebH3sQcW76
Several holidays overlap with our class meetings:
FOR NOW, no make-up classes are planned…
This seminar is connected to Prof. Dr. Berthold Rittberger’s lecture (Vorlesungsübung: The Political System of the European Union)
import { liveGoogleSheet } from "@jimjamslam/live-google-sheet";
import { aq, op } from "@uwdata/arquero";
surveyResults = liveGoogleSheet(
"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/" +
"2PACX-1vROCUn2oxvBJiHkMnEWrVT3TtycRzm6xqQKW0zvHXTzRLb4ajeCTShXMaghF3jowbqFvaZwY8r5j5NX/" +
"pub?gid=1685617065&single=true&output=csv",
10000, 1, 5); // adjust the last number to select all relevant columns
respondentCount = surveyResults.length;countsColour = aq.from(surveyResults)
.select("colour")
.groupby("colour")
.count()
.derive({ measure: d => "Colours" })
// Calculate the maximum count from your dataset
maxCountCol = Math.max(...countsColour.objects().map(d => d.count));
plotColour = Plot.plot({
marks: [
Plot.barY(countsColour, {
x: "colour",
y: "count",
fill: "colour"
}),
Plot.ruleY([respondentCount], { stroke: "#ffffff99" })
],
color: {
domain: [
"red",
"orange",
"yellow",
"green",
"blue",
"indigo",
"violet"
],
range: [
"#d73027", // red
"orange", // orange
"yellow", // yellow
"forestgreen", // green
"blue", // blue
"#4B0082", // indigo
"#8F00FF" // violet
]
},
x: { label: "", tickSize: 0 }, // Customize as necessary
y: {
label: "",
tickSize: 0,
tickFormat: d => d,
tickValues: Array.from(
new Set(countsColour.objects().map(d => d.count))
).sort((a, b) => a - b),
domain: [0, maxCountCol]
},
facet: { data: countsColour, x: "measure", label: "" },
marginLeft: 140,
style: {
width: 1350,
height: 500,
fontSize: 12,
}
});countsInterest = aq.from(surveyResults)
// .derive({ interest: d => op.split(d.interest, ", ") }) // not needed here... the interest column contains only a single value per row, but you're treating it as if it could contain multiple values separated by commas. So, when you use op.split(d.interest, ", "), it attempts to split a single value (like "Far-right movements") into an array, which causes incorrect behavior during the plotting process.
.select("interest")
// .unroll("interest") // not needed in this poll since multiple options are not allowed --- "This takes the array in the 'interest' field and "unrolls" it. This means that if a person has indicated three interests, this step will create three separate records for that person, each record corresponding to one interest. It effectively flattens the array into individual rows, so you'll have one row per interest per each person.
.derive({
interest: d =>
d.interest === "Far-right parties" ? "parties" :
d.interest === "Far-right movements" ? "movements" :
d.interest === "Individuals in the far right" ? "individuals" :
d.interest === "Studying the far right" ? "studying" :
d.interest // fallback in case there are unexpected values
})
.groupby("interest")
.count()
.derive({ measure: d => "Initial student interests" })
// .rename({ interest: "part" })
// Calculate the maximum count from your dataset
maxCount = Math.max(...countsInterest.objects().map(d => d.count));
plotInterest = Plot.plot({
marks: [
Plot.barY(countsInterest, {
x: "interest",
y: "count",
fill: "interest"
}),
Plot.ruleY([respondentCount], { stroke: "#ffffff99" })
],
color: {
domain: [
"parties", // "Far-right parties",
"movements", // "Far-right movements",
"individuals", // "Individuals in the far right",
"studying" // "Studying the far right"
],
range: [
"#d73027", // Far-right parties
"forestgreen", // Far-right movements
"#91bfdb", // Individuals in the far right
"#4575b4" // Studying the far right
]
},
x: {
label: "",
tickSize: 0,
tickFormat: d => d
},
y: {
label: "",
tickSize: 0,
tickFormat: d => d,
// tickFormat: d => Math.floor(d), // Round down to the nearest whole number
tickValues: Array.from({ length: maxCount + 1 }, (_, i) => i), // Array of whole numbers [0, 1, ..., maxCount]
domain: [0, maxCount]
},
facet: { data: countsInterest, x: "measure", label: "" },
marginLeft: 140,
style: {
width: 1350,
height: 500,
fontSize: 12,
}
});| BA main | BA minor (60) | BA minor (30) | Pedagogy | Exchange | |
| Participation | X | X | X | X | X |
| Presentation | X | X | X (or Exercise) | X (or Exercise) | X |
| Essay | X | X | X | ||
| Exercise | X (or Presentation) | X (or Presentation) | |||
| Klausur | X |
| BA main | BA minor (60) | BA minor (30) | Pedagogy | Exchange | |
| Participation | X | X | X | X | X |
| Presentation | X | X | X (or Exercise) | X (or Exercise) | X |
| Essay | X | X | X | ||
| Exercise | X (or Presentation) | X (or Presentation) | |||
| Klausur | X |
Patriotta, G. (2017). Crafting papers for publication: Novelty and convention in academic writing. Journal of Management Studies, 54(5), 747-759.
Throughout, we will use cases to link theory to real-world events
Kai Arzheimer’s website: https://www.kai-arzheimer.com/ and Twitter: @ kai_arzheimer
Cas Mudde’s podcast, Radikaal: https://www.radikaalpodcast.com/ and his Twitter: @ CasMudde
C-REX: https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/
ECPR Extremism & Democracy website: https://standinggroups.ecpr.eu/extremismanddemocracy/
Anti-Defamation League: https://www.adl.org/
and much, much more
Classical concept (all criteria)
Radial concept (all share ‘female’)
and family resemblance: no characteristics shared by all (e.g., games)
↓
Again…
Radical right (populist and non-populist cases): opposition to fundamental values of liberal democracy (radical) and belief in a natural order with inequalities (right)
Extreme right: rejection of democracy (Ignazi’s ‘antisystem’—but that depends on the system)
far right encompasses both these terms
From: Arzheimer, Kai. “Conceptual Confusion is not Always a Bad Thing: The Curious Case of European Radical Right Studies.” Demokratie und Entscheidung. Eds. Marker, Karl, Michael Roseneck, Annette Schmitt, and Jürgen Sirsch. Wiesbaden: Springer, 2018. 23-40.
What cases are you familiar with?
How should we categorise them and why?
| Radical | Extreme |
|---|---|
| AfD | Der Flügel? |
| FPÖ | NPD |
| UKIP? | British National Party |
| RN/Front National | Britain First |
| PiS/United Right | Casa Pound |
| Fidesz | Mi Hazánk Mozgalom |
| FdI, Lega, Forza Italia? | Golden Dawn |
| Partij voor de Vrijheid |
even trickier with movements?